
Frances Ha
Frances lives in New York, but she doesn't really have an apartment. Frances is an apprentice for a dance company, but she's not really a dancer. Frances has a best friend named Sophie, but they aren't really speaking anymore. Frances throws herself headlong into her dreams, even as their possible reality dwindles. Frances wants so much more than she has but lives her life with unaccountable joy and lightness.
The film earned $4.1M at the global box office.
1 win & 49 nominations
Narrative Tropes
9 totalPlot Structure
Story beats plotted across runtime


Narrative Arc
Emotional journey through the story's key moments
Story Circle
Blueprint 15-beat structure
Arcplot Score Breakdown
Weighted: Precision (70%) + Arc (15%) + Theme (15%)
Frances Ha (2012) reveals precise story structure, characteristic of Noah Baumbach's storytelling approach. This structural analysis examines how the film's 15-point plot structure maps to proven narrative frameworks across 1 hour and 26 minutes. With an Arcplot score of 6.7, the film balances conventional beats with creative variation.
Structural Analysis
The Status Quo at 1 minutes (1% through the runtime) establishes Frances and Sophie play-fighting in the park, running through Brooklyn streets. Best friends living together, Frances working as apprentice dancer. Carefree, youthful energy - the "before" state of extended adolescence.. The analysis reveals that this early placement immediately immerses viewers in the story world.
The inciting incident occurs at 9 minutes when Sophie announces she's moving out to Tribeca with another girl. Frances is blindsided - her perfect friendship/life plan is disrupted. She refuses to move in with boyfriend Dan, choosing to preserve the fantasy of reuniting with Sophie.. At 11% through the film, this Disruption aligns precisely with traditional story structure. This beat shifts the emotional landscape, launching the protagonist into the central conflict.
The First Threshold at 18 minutes marks the transition into Act II, occurring at 21% of the runtime. This indicates the protagonist's commitment to Frances is told by the dance company she won't be invited back next season - not good enough to be a professional dancer. She actively chooses to stay in New York anyway, entering a new world of uncertainty without her defining identity., moving from reaction to action.
At 39 minutes, the Midpoint arrives at 46% of the runtime—arriving early, accelerating into Act IIb complications. Notably, this crucial beat Frances returns from Paris broke and sees Sophie with her new boyfriend Patch at a restaurant. Sophie is clearly moving forward into real adulthood while Frances is stuck. False defeat - the gap between their lives becomes undeniable. Frances must leave the Chinatown apartment., fundamentally raising what's at risk. The emotional intensity shifts, dividing the narrative into clear before-and-after phases.
The Collapse moment at 57 minutes (66% through) represents the emotional nadir. Here, At Sophie's dinner party, Frances gets drunk and makes a scene, showing how far she's fallen. Metaphorical death of her idealized self and her fantasy of the perfect friendship. She sees herself clearly for the first time - immature, lost, not the person she pretended to be., illustrates the protagonist at their lowest point. This beat's placement in the final quarter sets up the climactic reversal.
The Second Threshold at 61 minutes initiates the final act resolution at 71% of the runtime. Frances realizes she can choreograph and teach instead of perform - synthesis of her passion for dance with her actual abilities. She accepts reality and finds agency within it. Gets tax refund, rents her own apartment, takes control of her life on her own terms., demonstrating the transformation achieved throughout the journey.
Emotional Journey
Frances Ha's emotional architecture traces a deliberate progression across 15 carefully calibrated beats.
Narrative Framework
This structural analysis employs structural analysis methodology used to understand storytelling architecture. By mapping Frances Ha against these established plot points, we can identify how Noah Baumbach utilizes or subverts traditional narrative conventions. The plot point approach reveals not only adherence to structural principles but also creative choices that distinguish Frances Ha within the comedy genre.
Noah Baumbach's Structural Approach
Among the 8 Noah Baumbach films analyzed on Arcplot, the average structural score is 6.5, demonstrating varied approaches to story architecture. Frances Ha represents one of the director's most structurally precise works. For comparative analysis, explore the complete Noah Baumbach filmography.
Comparative Analysis
Additional comedy films include The Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare, The Bad Guys and Lake Placid. For more Noah Baumbach analyses, see While We're Young, Mistress America and The Squid and the Whale.
Plot Points by Act
Act I
SetupStatus Quo
Frances and Sophie play-fighting in the park, running through Brooklyn streets. Best friends living together, Frances working as apprentice dancer. Carefree, youthful energy - the "before" state of extended adolescence.
Theme
Sophie tells Frances at dinner: "We are the same person with different hair." The theme of identity, self-deception, and the gap between who we think we are versus who we actually are is introduced.
Worldbuilding
Establishing Frances's world: her dance company apprenticeship without pay, relationship with boyfriend Dan, codependent friendship with Sophie, cramped Brooklyn apartment. Financial precarity masked by youthful optimism.
Disruption
Sophie announces she's moving out to Tribeca with another girl. Frances is blindsided - her perfect friendship/life plan is disrupted. She refuses to move in with boyfriend Dan, choosing to preserve the fantasy of reuniting with Sophie.
Resistance
Frances debates her choices: moves in with Lev and Benji in Chinatown, maintains denial about her situation. Continues apprenticeship without pay, breaks up with Dan. Resists facing reality - still believes she and Sophie will reunite and her dance career will work out.
Act II
ConfrontationFirst Threshold
Frances is told by the dance company she won't be invited back next season - not good enough to be a professional dancer. She actively chooses to stay in New York anyway, entering a new world of uncertainty without her defining identity.
Mirror World
Frances connects with Benji and Lev as new roommates/friends who represent different approaches to adulthood. They have family money and clear paths, contrasting with Frances's financial struggle and lack of direction - they mirror what she isn't.
Premise
The "promise of the premise" - watching Frances hilariously navigate adult life without a plan. Dinner parties where she doesn't fit in, borrowing money, impulsive weekend trip to Paris she can't afford, awkward encounters with Sophie who's moving on. The comedy of delayed adulthood.
Midpoint
Frances returns from Paris broke and sees Sophie with her new boyfriend Patch at a restaurant. Sophie is clearly moving forward into real adulthood while Frances is stuck. False defeat - the gap between their lives becomes undeniable. Frances must leave the Chinatown apartment.
Opposition
Everything gets harder: Frances moves back to her college dorm as RA, works in college office, waitresses at dance company events. Sophie gets engaged. Frances's financial and professional circumstances deteriorate while watching her peers succeed. The fantasy completely unravels.
Collapse
At Sophie's dinner party, Frances gets drunk and makes a scene, showing how far she's fallen. Metaphorical death of her idealized self and her fantasy of the perfect friendship. She sees herself clearly for the first time - immature, lost, not the person she pretended to be.
Crisis
Frances processes the dark night - visiting home for Christmas, working her college office job, facing the quiet sadness of her situation. Letting go of who she thought she was and the life she thought she'd have.
Act III
ResolutionSecond Threshold
Frances realizes she can choreograph and teach instead of perform - synthesis of her passion for dance with her actual abilities. She accepts reality and finds agency within it. Gets tax refund, rents her own apartment, takes control of her life on her own terms.
Synthesis
Frances choreographs and produces her own dance show, gets an apartment, establishes professional role at the company doing office work. Sophie comes to her show - their friendship survives in a healthier, more realistic form. Frances executes her new authentic life.
Transformation
Frances writes "Frances Ha" (her full name Frances Halladay abbreviated to fit) on her apartment mailbox. She's literally and figuratively claimed her own space and identity - accepting herself as she is, not the fantasy version. Mirror of opening shows growth into authentic adulthood.








